The essence of hypertensive disease, i.e. primary hypertension, is an excessive increase in blood pressure without a tangible, yet unequivocally explained cause.
In this article, Niketrainers.com.co will tell you:
Primary arterial hypertension – causes
It is commonly assumed that its causes are hereditary and genetic factors,obesity, and neurotic and regulation disorders of higher nervous centers, conditioned by conflict situations in the family or work environment, constant mental tension, sense of responsibility, etc.
Recently, an important role in the development of essential arterial hypertension has been attributed to the chronic increase in sodium concentration in the blood serum, conditioned by e.g. increased consumption of table salt (excessive saltiness of dishes). It is observed that it occurs twice as often in women as in men, but is milder in them and is less prone to complications.
Hypertensive disease is usually detected by chance during blood pressure measurements or periodic examinations of workers, and sometimes only at the time of life-threatening complications. It is diagnosed only after repeated reports of elevated blood pressure. It is usually characterized by a very slow development of lesions.
In the initial stage, hypertension may be unstable and only manifest itself in certain situations. Sometimes, however, it has a permanent character from the beginning and its course is turbulent. Depending on the duration of hypertensive disease, its course, medical supervision and stabilization of a favorable blood pressure level with drugs, we encounter various syndromes of perceived disease symptoms or changes identified by a doctor. Four stages of the development of arterial hypertension have been distinguished. This division is based primarily on the assessment of the advancement of vascular changes, objectively identified, first of all in the field of the retinal vessels, i.e. during the fundus examination.
In everyday practice and for the orientation of people suffering from primary hypertension, it is important to distinguish:
•the period of unstable hypertension, i.e. a period in which, although there is elevated blood pressure, the degree of its elevation fluctuates somewhat,
•the period of persistent hypertension, about which we are dealing with constantly increased blood pressure – both systolic and diastolic.
Normal values are usually observed at the beginning of the disease, especially during mental and physical rest, and an increase in stressful situations.
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Primary arterial hypertension – symptoms
Initial symptoms of hypertension:
- increased nervous excitability,
- sleep disturbances,
- feeling of temporary pressure in the head, especially around the back of the head and temples,
- palpitations_
- buzzing anddizziness(and at the same time there are no more noticeable organ changes),
- mildly high blood pressure.
Later on, the subjectively experienced symptoms still persist. They are even more distressing due to their increase in intensity and longer periods of occurrence. There is already a decrease in mental and physical fitness, largely conditioned primarily by an increase in general irritation and anxiety. At the same time, the patient begins to experience symptoms suggestive of coronary insufficiency (burning and pain behind the sternum) and insufficiency of the left ventricle of the heart muscle (shortness of breath with physical exertion).
In the next stage of the development of hypertension, in already established hypertension, patients experience more constant, much stronger than beforeheadaches, dizziness andtinnitus, memory disorders, significantinsomnia, and sometimes evennauseaand vomiting.
If blood pressure is not adequately controlled and lowered, acute heart failure may occur, such as pulmonary edema, or tospeech disorders,paresisand paralysis as a result of paroxysmal contraction of arterioles in the brain or haemorrhagesofblood vessels directly to the brain.
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In the end stage of hypertension, also known as the post-hypertensionperiod, a complete set of the described ailments and organ changes is observed. During this period, arterial hypertension can be sustained at a very high level, but it can also be significantly reduced as a result of parallel circulatory failure, especially of the left ventricle. Due to the significant advancement of vascular sclerosis, mental and motor weakness occurs, renal failure, visual impairment, worsening of coronary heart failure, includingmyocardial infarction, are added.
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Primary arterial hypertension – treatment
Primary arterial hypertension requires a rational, regulated lifestyle, adherence to the recommended diet and the principles of a hygienic lifestyle, and the systematic use of medications recommended by a doctor.
The possibilities of pharmacological blood pressure correction are very large at present.
The therapeutic preparation, however, must be selected by the doctor according to the stage of the disease, and its effectiveness in individual people – proven by practical application.
Spontaneous, rather than controlled by a doctor, home treatment for high blood pressure can do more harm than good. It always requires periodic verification and possible correction by a doctor, therefore I am not suggesting the choice of preparation and home treatment methods.
A person with primary, i.e. spontaneous, arterial hypertension cannot adopt a passive or negative attitude towards systematic medical checks and periodic blood pressure measurements. Thanks to systematic treatment under the supervision of a doctor, many unfavorable phenomena and complications observed in the course of arterial hypertension can be avoided.
People suffering from hypertension usually make a fundamental mistake in its therapeutic monitoring, spontaneously discontinuing treatment as soon as blood pressure returns to a level considered by the doctor as normal. They forget that it has returned to normal after taking medications that lower it.
It is forgotten that if you have primary hypertension, you should use medications recommended by your doctor in doses determined in the course of medical observation and control practically constantly.
When you stop taking your medication, your blood pressure returns to an abnormally high level. Often, before the sick person realizes it, it can already cause unpleasant negative effects for him. After some time (after treatment discontinuation) has been discontinued, the patient has noticed that his blood pressure has been increased again, he will start taking medicines lowering his blood pressure again, his blood pressure will be lowered, he will stop taking medications again and his blood pressure will increase. In this way, the patient himself unconsciously causes significant fluctuations in pressure, which the body and its individual organs do not like, and the walls of the vessels (especially the brain) may at some point not withstand this changing pressure.
In order to avoid the unpleasant, often very negative consequences of high blood pressure, such people must:
- take care of systematic pressure control,
- avoid physical exertion that causes fatigue, shortness of breath, or noticeable facial flushing, dizziness or headache,
- limit the use of salt, which causes water retention in the body and thus increases the volume of circulating blood,
- replace hard work in conditions of constant stress and nervousness with lighter, less annoying,
- do exercise in moderation and under strict medical supervision with blood pressure control,
- Shorter but frequent periods of vacation leave are very desirable.
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